In my last post I detailed how to extract all of the available .com domain names from the .com zone file. In this post I’m going to show you how to do something very useful with the result: finding a great available domain name for a business in a specific industry.

For example, we’re going to find great business names that can fill in the blanks for the industry of your choosing:

• ____________Marketing.com
• ____________Consulting.com
• ____________SEO.com
• ____________Data.com
• ____________Media.com
• ____________Systems.com
• ____________Law.com

The big idea: Check for keywords that are registered for other industries, but not registered for yours

Consider this: what if we looked at all of the registered domains that end with advertising.com, figure out the keyword, and then check whether the corresponding marketing.com domain is available? For example, imagine we check and see that the domain HightowerAdvertising.com is registered (we’ll refer to Hightower as the keyword here). We can then check to see if HightowerMarketing.com is registered. Because someone already registered the keyword for the advertising industry, there’s a good chance that the keyword is meaningful and worth checking for the marketing industry as well.

We can take this a step further by checking for common keywords in multiple industries. For example, we check all the domains that end in advertising.com, all that end in media.com, see which keywords they have in common, then check which of those are not registered for marketing.com domains.

The fewer industies we check for common keywords, the more results we’ll have, but the lower the quality. The more industries we check, the fewer the results, but the higher the quality.

Getting your command line on

If you went through my last post, you should have wound up with a domains.txt file that has about 108M registered .com domain names:

$ wc -l domains.txt 
 108894538 domains.txt

With a little bit of command line magic, we can extract all of the domains that end in ADVERTISING (like HIGHTOWERADVERTISING), then remove the trailing ADVERTISING word to get just HIGHTOWER, then sort those results and save it to a list:

$ LC_ALL=C grep ADVERTISING$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{11\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/advertising.txt

Which will generate a list such as:

Then we do the same for MARKETING domains:

$ LC_ALL=C grep MARKETING$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{9\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/marketing.txt

And finally, we figure out which domains are in the advertising list but not in the marketing list:

$ comm -23 tmp/advertising.txt tmp/marketing.txt > results/marketing.txt

If we want to find common keywords registered in multiple industries, we need to add an extra step to generate that list of common keywords before figuring out which ones are available in ours:

$ comm -12 tmp/advertising.txt tmp/media.txt | comm -12 - tmp/design.txt | sort -u > tmp/common.txt
$ comm -23 tmp/common.txt tmp/marketing.txt > results/marketing.txt

The resulting marketing.txt list will have the common keywords in the other industries that are likely not registered in yours:

The way to interpret this is that for a keyword like Adspace, those domains are registered in the other industries (AdspaceAdvertising.com, AdspaceMedia.com), but not registered for ours (AdspaceMarketing.com). Again, the more similiar industries you check for common keywords, the higher the quality of results you’ll have. We could add three or four more industries to get a short, very high quality list.

By the way, the reason I say likely not registered is because once a domain loses its name servers – for example, if it’s way past its expiration date – it will drop out of the zone file even though the name isn’t available to register yet. Therefore some of the results might actually be registered, but a quick WHOIS check will confirm if it is or not:

$ whois blueheronmarketing.com

No match for domain "BLUEHERONMARKETING.COM".

Or you could just use this Ruby script

Because it’s a pain to run all of these commands while searching for available domains in an industry, I put together this small Ruby script to help:

https://github.com/mattm/industry-domain-name-generator

There are instructions in the README explaining how to set the industry and similar industries in the script. If all goes well, it will run all of the necessary commands to generate the list of results:

$ ruby generator.rb 
Finding available domains for marketing...
Generating industry name lists...
Searching for domains that end with 'advertising'...
  LC_ALL=C grep ADVERTISING$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{11\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/advertising.txt
Searching for domains that end with 'media'...
  LC_ALL=C grep MEDIA$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{5\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/media.txt
Searching for domains that end with 'design'...
  LC_ALL=C grep DESIGN$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{6\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/design.txt
Searching for domains that end with 'marketing'...
  LC_ALL=C grep MARKETING$ domains.txt | sed 's/.\{9\}$//' | sort -u > tmp/marketing.txt
Finding common names in industries...
  comm -12 tmp/advertising.txt tmp/media.txt | comm -12 - tmp/design.txt | sort -u > tmp/common.txt
Finding names not registered for marketing...
  comm -23 tmp/common.txt tmp/marketing.txt > results/marketing.txt
Done, results available in results/marketing.txt

And with a little luck, you’ll find a great domain in the list to use for your new business.

Back in the day when I worked on Lean Domain Search I got a lot of experience working with Verisign’s .com zone file because that’s what Lean Domain Search uses behind the scenes to check whether a given domain is available to register or not.

I still get a lot of emails asking for details about how it worked so over a series of posts, I’m going to walk through how to work with the zone file and eventually explain exactly how Lean Domain Search works.

What’s a zone file?

A zone file lists all registered domains for a given Top Level Domain (like .com, .net, etc) and the name servers associated with the domain. For example, because this blog is hosted on WordPress.com, the zone file lists the WordPress.com name servers for it:

MATTMAZUR NS NS1.WORDPRESS
MATTMAZUR NS NS2.WORDPRESS
MATTMAZUR NS NS3.WORDPRESS

How do I get access to the zone file?

Anyone can fill out a form, apply, and get access. There are details on this page. I detailed in this old post on Lean Domain Search how I filled out the form, though it has changed since then so you’ll need to make some adjustments.

What happens after I apply for access?

Verisign will provide you details to log into the FTP to download the zone file:

The zone file is that 2.91 GB com.zone.gz which unzipped is 11.47 GB currently.

What’s in the zone file?

It begins with some administrative details, then begins listing domains and their associated name server. Note that registered domains without a name server (such as ones that are close to expiring) are not included in this list.

How can I extract a list of just the domains?

Glad you asked! It takes a little bit of command line fu.

If you’d like to follow along, here are the first 1,000 lines of the zone file. You can download this and use the terminal commands below just like you would if you were working with the entire 317,338,073 line zone file.

1) First, we’ll grab a list of just the domains:

$ awk '{print $1}' com.zone > domains-only.txt

For a line like this:

KITCHENEROKTOBERFEST NS NS1.UNIREGISTRYMARKET.LINK.

This command will return just KITCHENEROKTOBERFEST.

This will also return some non-domains from the administrative section at the top of the zone file, but we’ll filter those out later.

Here’s what domains-only.txt should look like.

2) Next, we’ll sort the results and remove duplicates:

$ sort -u domains-only.txt --output domains-unique.txt

This is necessary because most domains will have multiple name servers, but we don’t want the domain to appear multiple times in our final list of domains.

Here’s what domains-unique.txt should look like.

3) Last but not least, we’ll ensure the results include only domains:

$ LC_ALL=C grep '^[A-Z0-9\-]*$' domains-unique.txt > domains.txt

There are a few things to note here.

First, make sure to use gnu grep, which is not the default on Macs. GNU grep is fast.

The LC_ALL=C forces grep to use the locale C, which tells grep this is an ASCII file, not a UTF-8 file. More details here. While not important for this 1,000-line file, it significantly reduces how much time grep takes on the full 300M+ line zone file.

The ^[A-Z0-9\-]*$ regular expression here looks for lines that are made up of letters, numbers, and dashes. The reason we use a * (0 or more characters) vs + (1 or more characters) is simply because the grep command doesn’t support +.

Technically this regex will match strings that are longer than domains can actually be (the max is 63 characters) as well as strings that start or end with a dash (which isn’t valid for a domain) but there aren’t any of those in the zone file so it’s not a big deal and grep will run faster this way. If you really wanted to get fancy, you could match proper domains, but it will take longer to run: ^[A-Z0-9]([A-Z0-9\-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?$

Here’s what domains.txt should look like.

Note that this does include some domain-like strings from the administrative section like 1526140941 which isn’t actually a domain. Depending on what you’re using the zone file for you could remove these lines, but it’s never been a big deal for my use case. Because Lean Domain Search is limited to letters-only domains, it actually just uses  ^[A-Z]* for the regex.

Here’s some actual code from Lean Domain Search with these steps above:

If you run into any trouble or have suggestions on how to improve any of these commands, don’t hesitate to reach out. Cheers!

Lean Domain Search continues its steady slow and steady growth:

Since its acquisition in June 2013, the number of searches performed has averaged 4.3% monthly growth despite zero changes to the product and no marketing efforts.

The growth has been slowing though. It will be interesting to see how it plays out in the coming months and years.